Muharram 2025 marks the beginning of the Islamic New Year and is one of the four sacred months in Islam. It is expected to begin on Friday, June 27, 2025, subject to the moon sighting. Falling in the month of June, Muharram is observed with fasting, remembrance, and processions. The 10th day, known as Ashura, is especially significant for both Sunni and Shia Muslims.
This blog covers everything you need to know about the Muharram Holiday 2025, including the start date, public and bank holiday details, religious significance, key rituals, and observances across India and beyond.
| Muharram is a gazetted government holiday and a bank holiday in several Indian states, including Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Delhi. Schools and offices generally remain closed. |
Key Highlights of Muharram 2025
⇒ Muharram 2025 is expected to begin on Friday, June 27, 2025, subject to the sighting of the moon.
⇒ It marks the beginning of the Islamic New Year (1447 AH).
⇒ Muharram is one of the four sacred months in Islam, during which warfare and conflict are traditionally prohibited.
⇒ The 10th day of Muharram, known as Ashura, is anticipated to fall on or around Sunday, July 6, 2025.
⇒ For Sunni Muslims, Ashura is observed through optional fasting and remembrance of significant prophetic events.
⇒ For Shia Muslims, the first ten days of Muharram, especially Ashura, are dedicated to mourning the martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali at the Battle of Karbala.
⇒ Muharram is observed as a government and bank holiday in many Indian states.
Unlike other Islamic festivals, Muharram is observed with solemnity, prayer, and reflection rather than celebration.
Muharram Holiday 2025
Muharram is recognized as a significant religious observance in India and is typically declared a public and bank holiday in various states.
Public and Bank Holiday Status:
⇒ Muharram is listed as a Gazetted Holiday under the Government of India’s official holiday calendar.
⇒ It is a bank holiday as per the Reserve Bank of India’s guidelines in applicable states.
⇒ Offices, schools, and government institutions generally remain closed in regions where Muharram is officially recognized.
⇒ The holiday may fall on different dates across states, depending on local moon sightings and regional practices.
Indian States Where Muharram is Commonly Observed as a Holiday:
| States |
| Uttar Pradesh |
| Karnataka |
| Tamil Nadu |
| West Bengal |
| Bihar |
| Telangana |
| Maharashtra |
| Delhi |
| Kerala |
| Jammu & Kashmir |
| Andhra Pradesh |
| Madhya Pradesh |
| Gujarat |
| Rajasthan |
Important Note:
The declaration of the Muharram holiday may vary based on the state government’s official holiday list for 2025. Final confirmation typically comes a few days before the expected date, once the moon is sighted.
Suggested Read: July Holidays
Importance of Muharram
Muharram holds deep religious, spiritual, and historical significance in Islam. As the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar, it marks the beginning of the Hijri New Year and sets the tone for reflection, renewal, and increased devotion.
Key Reasons Why Muharram is Important:
♦ One of the Four Sacred Months:
Muharram is one of the four months mentioned in the Qur’an as sacred, during which warfare and conflict are traditionally prohibited. It is considered a time for peace, spiritual discipline, and heightened consciousness of one’s deeds.
♦ Beginning of the Islamic Calendar:
The first of Muharram represents the start of the Islamic New Year. It is a time for Muslims to reflect on the Hijrah (migration) of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from Makkah to Madinah—an event that laid the foundation for the Islamic state.
♦ Ashura and the Martyrdom of Imam Husayn:
The 10th day of Muharram, known as Ashura, is of major significance. For Shia Muslims, it marks the martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad, who was killed in the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE. This event is remembered as a symbol of sacrifice, justice, and resistance against tyranny.
♦ Spiritual Practices:
For Sunni Muslims, Ashura is observed through voluntary fasting, as it commemorates events like the parting of the Red Sea by Prophet Musa (Moses) and other divine acts of mercy. Fasting on this day is highly recommended by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
♦ Moral and Ethical Reflection:
The events of Muharram—especially the stance of Imam Husayn—serve as a reminder to uphold truth, resist oppression, and maintain integrity in the face of injustice.
History of Muharram
The history of Muharram is rooted in key events that have shaped Islamic thought, identity, and the spiritual calendar. As the first month of the Islamic year, it carries both historical significance and deep emotional meaning for Muslims around the world.
Origins and Historical Background:
♦ Sacred in Pre-Islamic Arabia:
Even before the advent of Islam, Muharram was regarded as a sacred month during which fighting and tribal conflicts were suspended.
♦ The Word “Muharram”:
The term literally means “forbidden” or “prohibited,” signifying the month’s sacred status.
♦ Start of the Islamic Calendar (Hijrah):
The Islamic calendar begins with the Hijrah, the migration of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE. This migration is a defining moment in Islamic history, marking the foundation of the first Islamic state.
♦ Battle of Karbala (10 Muharram, 680 CE):
One of the most defining moments in Islamic history occurred on the 10th of Muharram—Ashura—when Imam Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet, was killed along with his small group of followers by the forces of the Umayyad Caliph Yazid in Karbala (modern-day Iraq).
♦ Impact of the Battle of Karbala:
This tragic event is especially significant for Shia Muslims and is commemorated through public mourning, processions, and recitations that highlight the values Imam Husayn stood for—truth, justice, and sacrifice.
♦ Other Historical Events Associated with Ashura (in Sunni tradition):
- → Prophet Musa’s (Moses) escape from Pharaoh’s tyranny
- → Prophet Nuh (Noah) leaving the Ark
- → The repentance of Prophet Adam
These events add spiritual weight to the day for Sunni Muslims, many of whom observe fasting and other acts of worship.
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Different Types of Muharram Observances
The observance of Muharram varies across Islamic traditions, regions, and communities. While the month itself is sacred to all Muslims, the focus, practices, and interpretations differ, particularly between Sunni and Shia branches of Islam.
Sunni Muslim Observance:
• Spiritual Significance:
For Sunni Muslims, the emphasis during Muharram—especially on Ashura—is on gratitude and divine mercy.
• Fasting:
Fasting on the 10th of Muharram (Ashura) is recommended. Many also fast on the 9th and 11th to distinguish the practice from Jewish traditions, based on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
• Voluntary Worship:
Increased acts of worship such as prayer, reciting the Qur’an, and charity are encouraged throughout the month.
• Historical Reflection:
Ashura is seen as a day when several major prophetic events occurred—such as the parting of the Red Sea by Prophet Musa and the salvation of the Israelites.
Shia Muslim Observance:
• Mourning Period:
The first ten days of Muharram, especially the 10th (Ashura), are observed as a time of mourning to remember the martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali.
• Majlis (Gatherings):
Special gatherings are held to recount the events of Karbala, reflect on Imam Husayn’s sacrifice, and draw moral lessons from his stand against tyranny.
• Public Processions:
Mourning processions take place in many Shia-majority regions. Participants may wear black, chant elegies, and engage in symbolic acts of grief.
• Reenactments of Karbala:
In some communities, dramatic reenactments of the Battle of Karbala (called ta’ziyah) are performed to educate and emotionally engage the audience.
• Charity and Community Service:
Food distribution (nazr) and acts of kindness are common during this period, often done in memory of the martyrs of Karbala.
Muharram Rituals & Traditions
The month of Muharram is marked by a wide range of rituals and religious practices that reflect its sacredness and historical significance. These traditions vary between Islamic sects and regions but share a common focus on spiritual reflection, remembrance, and devotion.
Common Rituals Observed in Muharram:
• Fasting on Ashura:
Observing a fast on the 10th of Muharram (Ashura) is a well-known Sunnah. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) recommended fasting on this day and pairing it with the 9th or 11th to distinguish it from Jewish customs.
• Night Prayers and Dhikr:
Muslims increase night prayers (tahajjud), Quran recitation, and remembrance of Allah (dhikr) throughout the month.
• Charity and Sadaqah:
Giving charity during Muharram is highly encouraged. Many use the Islamic New Year as a time to make fresh resolutions and commit to regular giving.
• Attending Religious Gatherings (Majlis):
Especially in Shia communities, people gather to listen to sermons about the life and sacrifice of Imam Husayn and the events of Karbala.
• Wearing Black:
As a sign of mourning, it is common in Shia communities to wear black throughout the first ten days of Muharram.
• Processions and Recitations:
Processions, particularly on the day of Ashura, include chanting, lamentation (noha) and symbolic acts of mourning to express grief and solidarity with the suffering of Imam Husayn.
• Cooking and Distributing Food:
In many regions, large meals are prepared and distributed to the public as acts of devotion and remembrance.
• Avoiding Celebrations:
Unlike other Islamic months, Muharram is not associated with festive celebrations. Many Muslims refrain from weddings or other joyous events during the first ten days out of respect for the solemnity of the month.
Suggested Read: August Holidays
Ways to Celebrate Muharram
While Muharram is not a celebratory festival in the conventional sense, it is a spiritually significant time that invites Muslims to engage in acts of worship, remembrance, and personal reflection. The term “celebrate” in this context refers to how Muslims honor the month’s sacredness through meaningful practices.
Respectful Ways to Observe Muharram:
• Begin the Islamic New Year with Intention:
Use the first of Muharram to set spiritual goals, renew your faith, and reflect on the Prophet’s migration (Hijrah) and its importance in Islamic history.
• Fast on the 9th and 10th (or 10th and 11th):
Following the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), fasting on these days brings spiritual reward and is a way to honor the significance of Ashura.
• Read and Reflect on Islamic History:
Learn about the Battle of Karbala, the Hijrah, and other events associated with Muharram. Understanding the moral lessons can deepen your appreciation of the month.
• Attend Religious Gatherings:
Join local or online sessions (majlis or lectures) focused on the life of Imam Husayn and the values of justice, sacrifice, and patience.
• Increase Quran Recitation and Du’a:
Spend time reading the Quran and making personal supplications. It is considered a blessed time for seeking forgiveness and drawing closer to Allah.
• Perform Extra Prayers (Nafl):
Voluntary night prayers (tahajjud) and other nafl prayers are encouraged during this spiritually charged month.
• Give to Charity:
Begin the Islamic year with acts of generosity. Support causes related to food distribution, education, or healthcare in memory of the Prophet’s family and companions.
• Avoid Festive Activities:
Out of respect, it is advised to postpone weddings, parties, or major celebrations during the first 10 days, especially in Shia communities.
• Practice Compassion and Self-Discipline:
Muharram is an ideal time to check one’s character, abandon harmful habits, and renew efforts toward self-improvement.
Famous Destinations for Muharram Observance
Muharram, especially the day of Ashura, is observed with deep devotion across many parts of the world. Certain cities and regions are known for their large gatherings, elaborate rituals, and historical significance related to the month.
Notable Places for Muharram Observance in India:
• Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh:
Known for its deep-rooted Shia culture, Lucknow hosts some of the most elaborate Ashura processions and majlis gatherings in India. Imambaras and streets are adorned with replicas of Imam Husayn’s shrine.
• Hyderabad, Telangana:
The city observes Muharram with large public processions, especially at the Bibi Ka Alawa and other historical Shia sites. Both Sunni and Shia communities participate in respectful observance.
• Mumbai, Maharashtra:
Several localities in Mumbai witness large processions and public gatherings, especially in areas like Bhendi Bazaar and Dongri. Temporary structures called taziyas are built and carried through the streets.
• Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir:
Muharram is observed with deep reverence, especially in Shia-dominated areas. Religious gatherings and processions are organized under high security.
• Kolkata, West Bengal:
The city has a rich tradition of Muharram processions, including Sunni-led events. Both cultural and religious practices are seen here, reflecting the region’s syncretic ethos.
Important Global Locations:
• Karbala, Iraq:
The epicenter of Ashura observance, Karbala sees millions of pilgrims visit the shrine of Imam Husayn. It is considered one of the most spiritually significant sites for Shia Muslims.
• Najaf, Iraq:
Home to the shrine of Imam Ali, Najaf becomes a central point of pilgrimage during Muharram, especially for those visiting Karbala.
• Mashhad and Tehran, Iran:
Muharram is widely observed with large-scale processions, public rituals, theatrical reenactments (ta’ziyah), and state-supported mourning programs.
• Lahore and Karachi, Pakistan:
Both cities are known for significant Muharram events including alam processions, majlis, and public recitations.
• London, United Kingdom:
Several Shia communities in London organize peaceful processions, lectures, and educational programs to commemorate Ashura.
• Toronto, Canada & Dearborn, USA:
Large diaspora communities observe Muharram through well-organized gatherings, often supported by local Islamic centers and mosques.
Also Read: September Holidays
Final Thoughts
Muharram 2025 is expected to begin on Friday, June 27, marking the start of the Islamic New Year and a month of profound religious importance. Observed by both Sunni and Shia Muslims in different ways, the month is a time for reflection, prayer, fasting, and remembrance—particularly the events surrounding the Day of Ashura and the martyrdom of Imam Husayn.
Recognized as a government and bank holiday in many parts of India, Muharram is observed with deep respect and devotion. While not celebratory in nature, it offers an opportunity to reset spiritually, practice self-discipline, give charity, and learn from the values of sacrifice and justice that define the history of this month.
Whether through fasting, attending religious gatherings, or quiet reflection, observing Muharram is a way to reconnect with faith and remember the timeless lessons drawn from the lives of prophets and martyrs.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Is Muharram a bank holiday?
Yes, Muharram is observed as a bank holiday in many Indian states as per the Reserve Bank of India’s holiday list.
Is Muharram a government holiday?
Yes, Muharram is listed as a gazetted holiday under the Government of India’s official public holiday calendar.
Is Muharram a major holiday?
Yes, it is considered a major Islamic observance, especially significant for Shia Muslims, though it is marked by mourning, not celebration.
Is Muharram a holiday for school?
Yes, in states where Muharram is recognized as a public holiday, schools and colleges generally remain closed.
What date is Muharram in 2025?
Muharram 2025 is expected to begin on Friday, June 27, 2025, subject to the moon sighting.
Which month is Muharram in 2025?
In 2025, Muharram falls in the month of June, continuing into July.
Is Muharram happy or sad?
Muharram is primarily observed as a solemn and reflective period, especially the first 10 days, which include the Day of Ashura.
What is the last day of Muharram?
The last (29th or 30th) day of Muharram 2025 will fall around July 25 or 26, depending on moon sighting.
Who died on 1st Muharram?
Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab died from injuries sustained in an attack and passed away on 1st Muharram in the year 644 CE.
What is Ashura, and why is it important in Muharram?
Ashura, the 10th day of Muharram, commemorates the martyrdom of Imam Husayn (for Shia Muslims) and various prophetic events (for Sunnis); it is observed through mourning or fasting.
Why does the Muharram date differ every year?
The Islamic calendar is lunar-based, which is shorter than the Gregorian calendar, causing the date to shift each year by about 10–12 days.
What is the duration of the Muharram festival?
Muharram spans the entire first month of the Islamic calendar, lasting 29 or 30 days; major observances focus on the first 10 days.
Is Muharram a New Year for Muslims?
Yes, Muharram is the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar and marks the beginning of the Islamic New Year.
Why do Muslims celebrate Muharram?
Muslims observe, rather than celebrate, Muharram as a sacred month; it is marked by fasting, reflection, and, for Shias, mourning the sacrifice of Imam Husayn.
